Hospital planning and layout

Introduction-

Hospital  planning is a vital task which is done in various stages.

 Some are as follows-

Origination of Idea-

In the establishment of a hospital, the first step is always a thought, dream or an idea. Originator of an idea can be a doctor, business man, corporate group, trust or any firm.

After origination of idea the next step is support, because hospital planning or building is just not a easy task that one's do this alone. So originator needs support of different peoples, groups or institutions.

Originator needs support from following groups-

• Bank and Finance company
• Investors / sponsors
• Share holders
• Trust and Firms
• Hospital consultancy

Feasibility Study-

Feasibility means possibility  or probability to do something which includes-

• To determine the characteristics, needs, and possibility of the community.
• High income groups 
• Standard of living of society
• Literacy rate
• Age Distribution

Feasibility study would be done to determine the type, size and standard of up coming hospital.

Design Team-

After all above studies and other approvals  of project, Design is the next step. 

Design team consist of the following members-

• Hospital consultant / Hospital Administrator
• Architect
• Structural engineer
• Electrical engineer
• Plumbing engineer
• Doctor / Medical professionals

Selection of Site-

After making designing team the next task is to select the site for the hospital.

For the hospital these following should be the necessary requirements-

• Acceptability to transport and communication lines.
• Availability of public utilities like water, sewage, electricity and fuel etc...
• Freedom from noise, smoke and pollution.
• Future expansion possibilities.

Site survey-

After the land is selected, a survey and soil investigation must be made to obtain all information necessary for the design of the foundation. 

Other events-

After the site selection following are the sequence of work flow during hospital construction.

• Site plan, basic drawings, working drawing and specification like Equipment drawings, Electric and Power line drawings, Gas system lines, Water supply, and ventilation lines.
• Administrative approval and committal of resources
• Floating of tenders and selection of tenders
• Construction of hospital
• Equipment and man power planning

Percentage of distribution of beds-

• Specialty                                         Percentage

        Medicine                                              30%

        Obs and Gynae                                    17.5%

        Surgery                                                20%

        Paediatrics                                           7.5%

        Orthopedics                                         2.5%

        Eye                                                      5%

        Ent                                                       5%

        Dermatology                                        2.5%

        Emergency                                           2.5%

        Isolation                                               5%

        Psychiatry                                            2.5%

                                                         Total-100%

This can be varied from hospital to hospital.

Distribution of Floor space-

• Perticulars                                     Percentage

          Wards                                           37-45%

          OPD                                             12-18%

          Diagnostic/Theraputic                    18-22%

          Administrative                                8-12%

          Service/Supports Dept.                 15-20%

Essential points for hospital planning-

Planning parameters-

• Plinth area- 7sqm to 15 sqm per bed
• Flour height- 3 to 3.65m
• Dadoing- upto 1.2m in general & upto 2m in washrooms.
• Electric supply- 1 kw per bed per day
• Light in general areas- 100 lux, in wards- for patient 100 lux, & for doctors- 150 lux
• Water supply- Daily water requirement roughly 500 liters per bed per day.

Basic measurements-

• Size of  bed in hospital- 6.6 X 3.3 X 2.5 (2m X 1m)
• Minimum distance b/w two beds- 2.5m (from center of bed)
• Space at head end- 0.25m
• Space at foot end- 0.90m
• Door width- 1.2m & height- 2m
• Windows- 1.2 to 1.6 m
• Corridor width- 2.4m
• Consultation room- 14sqm