Hospitality In Hospital

As per the trend towards health get modernize and new hospitality concepts are generated which are applied by the hospitals to entertain there patients and visitors.There is a huge effect of globalization on health sector in India which helps in applied latest trends of hospitality in hospital.
Unlike previous years now days the owners of hospitals take very effective and applicable steps to increase there patient count by applied hospitality concept in the hospitals.
There are different kinds of facilities that are provided by the hospital under the concept of hospitality.Some of them are as follows-

•  Pick & drop facility for patients
• Online appointment & bed booking
• Separate lines for female and senior citizen
• Computerized registration
• Luxurious sitting arrangement
• Newspaper and magazines stands at waiting area
• Tea and coffee machines
• STD booths and gift shops
• On call ambulance
• Call back reminder service
• ATM,Banks and Credit card machines
• Musical environment
• Modernized Cafeteria
• Lifts and accelerators
• 24X7 pharmacy
• Proper security with metal detectors
• Temples and chanting rooms
• Online report delivery
• Medical tourism
• Concept of tele-medicine

Modern concept & Privatization of Hospitals

Now days in India as the health sector grows up the new technologies are introduced to the hospitals. Due to the effect of globalization most of the health institutions in India adopting modern concepts and ultra modern concepts of hospitals.
 Private hospital is the type of hospital which runs by the single person or by group of persons. The owner of the hospital may be a doctor, business tycoon, or any one.Trust hospitals are also considered as private hospitals.Now days 3 star and 5 star hospitals are come in existence and entertains there patients with hospitality and modern concept.
In India approximately 80% of hospitals are private and they provide world class facilities to there patients and visitors.
Some examples of modern hospitals are- Apollo hospital, Medicity Medanta, Max hospital, Fortis hospital.

Services offered by Private Hospitals-

There are number of services provided by the private hospitals that are as follows.

• Concept of 5star facilities.
• Concept of medical tourism.
• Concept of tele-medicine.
• Concept of HIS (Hospital Information System)
• Concept of air ambulance.
• Concept of professional health care management.
• Concept of Bio Waste Management & Infection control committee.
• Concept of marketing and advertisement.
• Impannelment with public and private companies.
• Concept of Insurance, policies and TPA ( Third Party Administration).

Hospital planning and layout

Introduction-

Hospital  planning is a vital task which is done in various stages.

 Some are as follows-

Origination of Idea-

In the establishment of a hospital, the first step is always a thought, dream or an idea. Originator of an idea can be a doctor, business man, corporate group, trust or any firm.

After origination of idea the next step is support, because hospital planning or building is just not a easy task that one's do this alone. So originator needs support of different peoples, groups or institutions.

Originator needs support from following groups-

• Bank and Finance company
• Investors / sponsors
• Share holders
• Trust and Firms
• Hospital consultancy

Feasibility Study-

Feasibility means possibility  or probability to do something which includes-

• To determine the characteristics, needs, and possibility of the community.
• High income groups 
• Standard of living of society
• Literacy rate
• Age Distribution

Feasibility study would be done to determine the type, size and standard of up coming hospital.

Design Team-

After all above studies and other approvals  of project, Design is the next step. 

Design team consist of the following members-

• Hospital consultant / Hospital Administrator
• Architect
• Structural engineer
• Electrical engineer
• Plumbing engineer
• Doctor / Medical professionals

Selection of Site-

After making designing team the next task is to select the site for the hospital.

For the hospital these following should be the necessary requirements-

• Acceptability to transport and communication lines.
• Availability of public utilities like water, sewage, electricity and fuel etc...
• Freedom from noise, smoke and pollution.
• Future expansion possibilities.

Site survey-

After the land is selected, a survey and soil investigation must be made to obtain all information necessary for the design of the foundation. 

Other events-

After the site selection following are the sequence of work flow during hospital construction.

• Site plan, basic drawings, working drawing and specification like Equipment drawings, Electric and Power line drawings, Gas system lines, Water supply, and ventilation lines.
• Administrative approval and committal of resources
• Floating of tenders and selection of tenders
• Construction of hospital
• Equipment and man power planning

Percentage of distribution of beds-

• Specialty                                         Percentage

        Medicine                                              30%

        Obs and Gynae                                    17.5%

        Surgery                                                20%

        Paediatrics                                           7.5%

        Orthopedics                                         2.5%

        Eye                                                      5%

        Ent                                                       5%

        Dermatology                                        2.5%

        Emergency                                           2.5%

        Isolation                                               5%

        Psychiatry                                            2.5%

                                                         Total-100%

This can be varied from hospital to hospital.

Distribution of Floor space-

• Perticulars                                     Percentage

          Wards                                           37-45%

          OPD                                             12-18%

          Diagnostic/Theraputic                    18-22%

          Administrative                                8-12%

          Service/Supports Dept.                 15-20%

Essential points for hospital planning-

Planning parameters-

• Plinth area- 7sqm to 15 sqm per bed
• Flour height- 3 to 3.65m
• Dadoing- upto 1.2m in general & upto 2m in washrooms.
• Electric supply- 1 kw per bed per day
• Light in general areas- 100 lux, in wards- for patient 100 lux, & for doctors- 150 lux
• Water supply- Daily water requirement roughly 500 liters per bed per day.

Basic measurements-

• Size of  bed in hospital- 6.6 X 3.3 X 2.5 (2m X 1m)
• Minimum distance b/w two beds- 2.5m (from center of bed)
• Space at head end- 0.25m
• Space at foot end- 0.90m
• Door width- 1.2m & height- 2m
• Windows- 1.2 to 1.6 m
• Corridor width- 2.4m
• Consultation room- 14sqm

Functions of hospital

There are two types of function that are performed by the hospital-

• Intramural
• Extramural

Intramural-

Intramural is a kind of function that performed by the hospital in its territory or premises.

Intramural function includes various kinds of services like OPD, Diagnostic, IPD, Emergency services and education and training for nursing and paramedics.

A brief account about this function are as follows-

OPD-

OPD stands for Out Patient Department,

It defines as the ambulatory service or medical care provides to the patients who are not needy for admitted to the hospital. This department works on the basis of day care.

Some writers says that OPD is the "shop window" of the hospital.

IPD-

IPD stands for In Patient Department,

IPD is the heart of the hospital. The foremost objective of the hospitals is to care for the sick and injured person, this task is carried out in the wards of the hospital.

Diagnostics-

Diagnosis is a medical procedure that helps in finding or diagnose the disease or cause of disease of patient.

Diagnostic techniques are of two types as follows-

1. Invasive
2. Non- Invasive

Emergency services-

Emergency department is the vital department of the hospital. This deals with the emergency like accident, minor trauma, and other emergency cases associated with health.

Teaching and Education-

Teaching and education refers to the training of nursing and paramedical staff.

Extramural-

Extramural is a kind of function that performs by hospital in outside or surrounding areas.

It includes home care services, health camps, health promotion, day care centers etc.

A brief account about this function are as follows-

Home care service-

This type of health service provide by the hospital at the patients door step, Some patients wants medical help or service at there home, and hospital provides nursing care to the patient.

Health camps-

Health camps are held by the hospital in rural areas, schools, colleges, etc

Health promotion-

This type of service held by the hospital at village level and in rural areas.

Health promotion is done by street plays, nukkar natak, individual and public counseling etc.

Day Care centers-

This center includes minor medical procedures and minor operations which held on day basis.This includes eye care camps, dental camps etc.

Types of Hospital

Basis of the care provided by the hospital, hospitals are of several types.
Types of hospitals are as follows-

General hospital-
The best known type of hospital is the general hospital, which is set up to deal many kinds of disease and injuries and normally has an emergency department to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health.
larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities.

District hospital-
A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region, with large number of beds with intensive care and long term care. These are specialized in facilities like surgery, child birth, diagnostic labs, etc..

Specialized hospitals-
The hospital which includes trauma centers, rehabilitation centers, and departments for dealing with some specific medical needs such as psychiatric problems, cardiovascular problems, neurology disorders, oncology disorders, orthopedic problems and other medical needs.

Teaching Hospitals-
A teaching hospitals combines assistance to patients with teaching to medical students, nurses, paramedical studies and often linked to medical college, nursing college or university.

 Clinics-
A medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a clinic, and often run's by a government agency for health services  or a private  partnership of physicians. Clinics generally provides ambulatory or day care services.

Hospital

Introduction of a Hospital-

   Hospital is an institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick and injured people.
According to WHO "The hospital is an integral part of the social and the medical organization, the function of which is to provide for the population complete health care, both curative and preventive, and whose out patient service reach out to the family in its home environment; the hospital also a center for the traning of health workers and for bio-social research".
 In mental sense a hospital is an instrument that helps in diagnose, treatment and provide rehabilitation
to those who are needy for these all services.

In Indian history King Ashoka is said to have founded at least eighteen hospitals ca. 230 B.C. , with the
facility of physicians and nursing staff. The expense been borne by the royal treasury.
At that time hospitals are associated with temples, and there are number of workers that works there on voluntary basis.